DevOps Best Practices for Faster and More Reliable Software Delivery

1. Build a Strong Continuous Integration Process

Continuous integration (CI) is one of the foundations of modern DevOps.

With continuous integration, developers regularly merge their code into a shared repository. Automated processes then build the application and run validation checks whenever changes are introduced.

Instead of waiting weeks or months to integrate large amounts of code, teams identify integration problems much earlier.

A strong CI process should include:

• Frequent code commits
• Automated builds
• Automated unit tests
• Code quality checks
• Dependency validation
• Fast feedback to developers
• Version-controlled source code

The earlier a defect is discovered, the easier and less expensive it usually is to fix.

Organizations should also keep CI pipelines fast. If developers have to wait a long time for feedback, they may avoid committing frequently, reducing one of the key benefits of continuous integration.

2. Apply Continuous Delivery and Continuous Deployment

Continuous integration is just one aspect of the delivery chain. The next thing to consider is developing an effective pathway from code that has been validated to deployment in production.

Continuous Delivery (CD) ensures that software remains in a releasable state at all times. Any successful change is potentially ready for deployment through a formalized process.

Continuous Deployment is another stage beyond automation where the process is automated for the release of validated changes into production.

Well-thought-out CI/CD pipelines help automate activities such as:

• Compilation of code
• Running unit tests
• Static code analysis
• Integration testing
• Security testing
• Building artifacts
• Deploying environments
• Conducting acceptance testing
• Deployment to production
• Validation after production deployment

Which option between CD and Continuous deployment an organization uses is based on its risk appetite, compliance needs, application architecture, and deployment strategy.

For any team interested in implementing DevOps practices for rapid software deployment, the automation of the delivery pathway is perhaps one of the most impactful things they can do.

3. Automate your Tests

Test automation is crucial to ensure smooth software delivery, but relying on manual testing alone could be a serious constraint.

Automation in testing helps development teams perform repeatable tests within the CI/CD pipeline efficiently.

An extensive automation test strategy will consist of:

• Unit testing
• Integration testing
• API testing
• Regression testing
• Performance testing
• Security testing
• End-to-end testing

4. Use Infrastructure as Code

Manual management of infrastructure may lead to inconsistencies across different environments as well as to scaling problems.

To overcome these problems, there is a concept called infrastructure as code (IaC), which means that the infrastructure is defined using machine-readable configuration files.

There is no need to manually configure servers, networks, databases, and other types of infrastructure, as it can be done using code.

Advantages of IaC include:

• Consistency of environments
• Repeatable infrastructure creation
• Quicker environment creation
• Disaster recovery
• Adequate auditing
• Version control for infrastructure changes
• Configuration mistakes prevention

IaC can also be used in DevOps as infrastructure can be provisioned within the CI/CD process.

5. Utilize DevOps Automation

DevOps cannot succeed without automation.

Yet the key to successful DevOps automation lies in automating repetitive, error-prone, and time-consuming tasks rather than everything that can be automated just because it can be.

The typical areas to consider for automation include:

• Code builds
• Tests
• Provisioning of the infrastructure
• Deployment of applications
• Database migration
• Security check
• Environment configuration
• Alerting
• Backups
• Rollbacks

By automating, the teams of developers and operations engineers will have more time to optimize the architecture, improve the performance, add security features, and make users happy.

It makes sense to start automation with CI and tests, and gradually move towards automation of deployments, infrastructure, security, and other processes.

6. Embed Security Into Delivery Lifecycles

Security is something that should not be considered as an afterthought or a last step to take care of before going into production.

In today’s software development services, DevSecOps automation is increasingly used, and security is embedded into the development and delivery process.

Security automation may consist of the following:

• Static Application Security Testing
• Dependency vulnerability scan
• Container image scan
• Security testing of the infrastructure
• Secret detection
• Dynamic Application Security Testing
• Compliance validation

Finding security weaknesses early in the process helps fix them before they get to production.

DevSecOps also implies a collective effort. Development teams, operators, security personnel, and other stakeholders work together to incorporate security into their applications and infrastructure from day one.

7. Keep Microservices and Containers in Mind Where They Apply

While not every application needs to use microservices, for those applications where microservices are applicable, containers and deployable services will allow you to create a scalable DevOps process.

With containers, you package your applications and their dependencies into reliable units, which might assist in overcoming the common problem of software that behaves differently depending on the environment it's deployed into.

Microservices might also allow for deployment of individual services without rebuilding/releasing the whole application.

8. Utilize DevOps Monitoring and Observability

If one cannot ascertain that the release is functioning properly, then fast deployment will be meaningless.

Monitoring in DevOps gives visibility into the performance of the application and infrastructure prior to and post-deployment.

One must keep track of performance data points like:

• Application response time
• Error rates
• CPU and memory usage
• Health of the infrastructure
• Performance of the database
• Request rate
• Availability
• Deployment performance

Unlike monitoring, observability goes further to allow one to see why something is wrong.

9. Make Small and Frequent Releases

A large number of changes always bring additional risks as they tend to be unpredictable in their interactions.

Among the most important DevOps principles is the making of small and frequent releases whenever possible under the conditions imposed by the application architecture and business needs.

Here is why small releases are beneficial:

• Easier debugging
• Less rollback
• Fast feedback from customers
• Lower deployment risks
• Easier code review
• Fast detection of bugs

10. Automate Rollbacks and Design for Failure

No software delivery system is foolproof.

Rather than relying on the fact that everything will always go well, an organization needs to be prepared for any eventuality.

Automation features like rollbacks will be able to switch back to the previous stable version of the application based on certain criteria.

Some of the deployment techniques include:

• Blue-green deployments
• Canary deployments
• Rolling deployments
• Feature flags
• Progressive delivery

11. Maintain Consistent Development Environments

Inconsistent environments are one of the typical reasons for software delivery failures.

The developers can develop an application on their local environment successfully, while the same application runs in another way in tests or production because of the discrepancies in dependencies, configurations, operating systems, or infrastructure.

Consistent environments are able to eliminate such issues.

Using containerization, IAC, configuration management, and other approaches for automated environment provisioning can help to maintain unvarying environments at different stages of software delivery.

The higher consistency between development, testing, staging, and production environments is achieved, the fewer surprises there will be for the teams.

12. Foster Collaboration and Shared Responsibility

DevOps is more than just a set of tools.

An organization may have an advanced CI/CD pipeline but fail in software delivery if there is no proper communication among the teams.

A successful DevOps process requires a culture wherein developers, operations personnel, security, testers, and business people collaborate to achieve success in delivery.

Teams must foster:

• Collaboration across functional boundaries
• Mutual performance objectives
• Transparency
• Knowledge sharing
• Blameless incident analysis
• Continual learning
• Documentation
• Improvement based on feedback

In case of an incident, the goal must be to figure out what made the system fail and improve the process, rather than just apportioning blame.

13. Measure DevOps Effectiveness

An organization cannot get better at something it does not measure.

DevOps teams need to set metrics that will help them determine if they are getting faster and more stable in their process of delivery.

Some of the metrics used are:

• Number of deployments
• Time to deliver a change
• Failure rate of changes
• Mean time to recover
• Cycle time of release
• Build success rate
• Test failure rate
• Defect escape rate